What’s Your Beef – Prime, Choice or Select? (2024)

Posted by Larry Meadows, Director, AMS Livestock, Poultry and Seed Program Grading and Verification Division in Food and Nutrition

Jan 28, 2013

What’s Your Beef – Prime, Choice or Select? (1)

The USDA grade shields are highly regarded as symbols of safe, high-quality American beef. Quality grades are widely used as a "language" within the beef industry, making business transactions easier and providing a vital link to support rural America. Consumers, as well as those involved in the marketing of agricultural products, benefit from the greater efficiency permitted by the availability and application of grade standards.

Beef is evaluated by highly-skilled USDA meat graders using a subjective characteristic assessment process and electronic instruments to measure meat characteristics. These characteristics follow the official grade standards developed, maintained and interpreted by the USDA’s Agricultural Marketing Service.

Beef is graded in two ways: quality grades for tenderness, juiciness and flavor; and yield grades for the amount of usable lean meat on the carcass. From a consumer standpoint, what do these quality beef grades mean?

Prime beef is produced from young, well-fed beef cattle. It has abundant marbling (the amount of fat interspersed with lean meat), and is generally sold in restaurants and hotels. Prime roasts and steaks are excellent for dry-heat cooking such as broiling, roasting or grilling.

Choice beef is high quality, but has less marbling than Prime. Choice roasts and steaks from the loin and rib will be very tender, juicy, and flavorful and are suited for dry-heat cooking. Many of the less tender cuts can also be cooked with dry heat if not overcooked. Such cuts will be most tender if braised, roasted or simmered with a small amount of liquid in a tightly covered pan.

Select beef is very uniform in quality and normally leaner than the higher grades. It is fairly tender, but, because it has less marbling, it may lack some of the juiciness and flavor of the higher grades. Only the tender cuts should be cooked with dry heat. Other cuts should be marinated before cooking or braised to obtain maximum tenderness and flavor.

Standard and Commercial grades of beef are frequently sold as ungraded or as store brand meat. Utility, Cutter, and Canner grades of beef are seldom, if ever, sold at retail but are used instead to make ground beef and processed products.

Recently, USDA collaborated with the United States Meat Export Federation and Colorado State University to develop an educational video about the beef grading process. This video provides a comprehensive overview of the beef grading system – from farm to table.

So next time you are at a restaurant or grocery store, look for the USDA grade shield and you will better be able to answer the question, “What’s your beef?”

Category/Topic: Food and Nutrition

What’s Your Beef – Prime, Choice or Select? (2024)

FAQs

Which is better prime Choice or select beef? ›

USDA Choice is the second-highest grade, with flavorful, tender cuts but with less marbling than USDA Prime. USDA Select is the most widely produced but doesn't have the tenderness and marbling of beef in the other classifications.

What's the best grade of beef? ›

Prime. Prime is known as one of the best beef grades on the market because of the meat's abundant marbling. USDA Prime beef comes from young, well-fed beef cattle that contain lots of evenly distributed fat.

What is the order of meat grades? ›

In order of descending quality they are Prime, Choice, Select, Standard, Commercial, Utility, Cutter and Canner. Beef graded USDA Select is generally the lowest grade you'll ever see at the supermarket. Unlabeled cuts of meat are either commercial or utility-grade, or more likely were never graded in the first place.

What is top Choice beef? ›

This sub-category includes only the upper ⅔ of the grade, meaning USDA Choice steak with moderate or modest marbling as noted by USDA beef graders. Just 20% of all Choice meat makes the cut for Top Choice, which is often Angus beef.

Which is better, Prime or Select? ›

The beef quality grades in order from best to worst are USDA Prime, USDA Choice, USDA Select, USDA Standard, USDA Commercial, USDA Utility, USDA Cutter and USDA Canner.

What is the best Choice of beef to purchase? ›

These cuts—ribeye, New York strip loin, and filet mignon—can certainly be dubbed the best, and few will disagree. “Filet is the most tender cut, but has the least amount of flavor. Ribeye is the most flavorful, but the least tender of the three, and New York is in the middle.” Flannery explains.

Is Prime really better than Choice? ›

The marbling in Prime beef is abundant, resulting in enhanced juiciness and a melt-in-your-mouth texture. Due to its superior quality, prime beef commands a higher price point compared to USDA choice beef. USDA choice: USDA choice is a high-quality grade of beef that offers excellent flavor and tenderness.

What is the difference between choice and select? ›

The difference between choice and select beef is that choice grade beef has 4-10% fat while select has 2-4% fat, making choice grade beef more tender and juicier than select. Choice beef will often be used in chain restaurants while select beef is sold for retail and residential use.

What is the quality of beef in order? ›

According to USDA, quality grades are contingent on two main criteria– the degree of marbling or intramuscular fat in the beef, and the maturity or estimated age of the animal at slaughter. In total, there are 8 quality grades: Prime, Choice, Select, Standard, Commercial, Utility, Cutter, and Canner.

What are the 4 different types of beef choices? ›

There are 8 main primal cuts of beef: chuck, rib, loin (consisting of the short loin and the sirloin), round, flank, plate, brisket, and shank. Divided by groups of muscles, the meat from each primal has its own unique flavor, texture, and level of fat and marbling due to how hard the muscles were worked.

What is a prime cut of beef? ›

The "prime" grade will be given to meat that comes from the youngest beef with the most abundant marbling. When you're choosing your beef, the tenderest cuts of beef are ones such as the rib-eye steak, tenderloin, and anything from the short loin, including strip steaks, T-bones, and porterhouses.

What grade beef does Taco Bell use? ›

We use 100 percent USDA premium beef in our seasoned beef. We prepare it much the same way you prepare taco meat at home: after simmering, it is drained of excess fat and pre-seasoned with our signature blend of 7 authentic seasonings and spices.

Why are prime and Choice cuts of beef more expensive? ›

This grade is typically reserved for high-end restaurants and gourmet butchers. The marbling in Prime beef is abundant, resulting in enhanced juiciness and a melt-in-your-mouth texture. Due to its superior quality, prime beef commands a higher price point compared to USDA choice beef.

What is the difference between the forms of ground beef? ›

Typically, ground round is leaner than ground sirloin, while ground chuck is fatter than ground round or ground sirloin. Since ground sirloin comes from the loin-sirloin area of a beef carcass, it is usually more expensive than ground chuck or ground round.

What is the maximum age for standard select Choice or prime beef? ›

is the yield of closely trimmed, boneless retail cuts that come from the major wholesale cuts of carcass. Maximum age of Standard, Select, Choice or Prime grades is: 42 months.

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