Slow cookers and food safety (2024)

Slow cookers and food safety (1)

A slow cooker or "crock pot" is a convenient portable electric appliance popular in today's kitchens. Slow cookers have several advantages. It's "all-day cooking without looking." They are economical to operate and a great way to tenderize less expensive and tougher cuts of meat (shoulder, round, and chuck).

Is a slow cooker a safe way to cook food?

Yes, if you use them correctly. The slow cooker cooks foods slowly at a low temperature, generally between 170and 280 degreesF, over several hours. The combination of direct heat from the pot, lengthy cooking and steam, destroys bacteria making the slow cooker a safe process for cooking foods.

How much liquid do I add?

Water or liquid is necessary to create steam. When cooking meat or poultry, the water or liquid level should cover the ingredients to ensure effective heat transfer throughout the crock. Some manufacturers of slow cookers recommend adding liquid to fill the stoneware 1/2 to 3/4 full. Follow the manufacturer's recipes and directions for best results.

Slow cooker food safety reminders

  • Research conducted by USDA FSIS indicates it's safe to cook large cuts of meat and poultry in a slow cooker. Follow the manufacturer's recipes and safety guidelines.
  • Start clean.Start with clean hands, utensils surfaces and a clean cooker.
  • Thaw first.Always thaw meat or poultry before putting it into a slow cooker. If frozen pieces are used, they will not reach 140 Fquick enough and could possibly result in a foodborne illness.
  • Preheat cooker.Preheat the cooker and add hot liquids, if possible. Preheating the crock before adding ingredients or cooking on the highest setting for the first hour will ensure a rapid heat start and will shorten the time foods are in the temperature danger zone. This is highly recommended when cooking meat or poultry in a slow cooker.
  • Slow cookers and food safety (2)

    Don't cook on warm.Do not use the warm setting to cook food. It is designed to keep cooked food hot.
  • Soak and boil dried beans first.Dried beans, especially kidney, contain a natural toxin. These toxins are easily destroyed by boiling temperatures. Soak beans for 12 hours, rinseand then boil on the stove top for at least 10 minutes before adding the beans to a slow cooker.
  • Put vegetables on the bottom or sides. Vegetables cook the slowest, so place them near the heat, at the bottom and sides of the slow cooker.
  • Keep the lid on. Do not lift the lid or cover unnecessarily during the cooking cycle. Each time the lid is raised, the internal temperature drops 10 to 15 degrees and the cooking process is slowed by 30 minutes.
  • Check with food thermometer. Before taking a bite, check meat and poultry with a food thermometer to make sure it has reached a safe internal temperate to destroy bacteria.
    • Roasts: 145 to 160 F.
    • Poultry: 165 F.
    • Soups, stews, sauces: 165 F.
  • Cool properly. Do not leave cooked food to cool down in the crock. Eat immediately or place leftovers in shallow containers and refrigerate.
  • Don't reheatin aslow cooker. Do not reheat food or leftovers in a slow cooker; instead reheat on stove top or microwave (165 F or above) and transfer to slow cooker to keep warm (140 F or above).

Suzanne Driessen, Extension educatorand Glenyce Peterson-Vangsness, former Extension educator

Reviewed in 2021

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Slow cookers and food safety (2024)

FAQs

Slow cookers and food safety? ›

Yes, if you use them correctly. The slow cooker cooks foods slowly at a low temperature, generally between 170 and 280 degrees F, over several hours. The combination of direct heat from the pot, lengthy cooking and steam, destroys bacteria making the slow cooker a safe process for cooking foods.

Is slow cooker safe for food? ›

The direct heat from the pot, lengthy cooking and steam created within the tightly-covered container combine to destroy bacteria and make the slow cooker a safe process for cooking foods.

How safe is it to leave a slow cooker unattended? ›

Are slow cookers safe to leave on? Yes, it's safe to leave a slow cooker on when you leave the house. The purpose of a slow cooker is to allow you to cook while you aren't home. Slow cookers simmer food slowly, killing bacteria and raising meat to the perfect internal temperature.

Can meat go bad in a slow cooker? ›

According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), slow cookers' max temperatures generally reach between 170 and 280 degrees F (77 and 138 degrees C). That's high enough to kill most bad bacteria, but the USDA still recommends thawing all foods completely before placing them in a slow cooker.

Is food cooked in slow cooker healthy? ›

Is a slow cooker safe? Yes, the slow cooker, a countertop electrical appliance, cooks foods slowly at a low temperature—generally between 170° and 280° F. The low heat helps less expensive, leaner cuts of meat become tender and shrink less.

Do slow cookers leach chemicals? ›

A crock pot can be toxic if it is made from toxic materials or use toxic glazes, colors or chemicals in any form. The different parts used in a crock pot unit must also be examined for they can leach toxins and/or release toxic off-gassing when heated.

What is the food danger zone in a slow cooker? ›

A safe slow cooker, cooks slow enough for unattended cooking, yet fast enough to keep food out of the bacterial danger zone. In the danger zone (above 40°F to below 140°F), bacteria grows very rapidly. Food left in the danger zone too long can cause food borne illness.

Why can't you put raw meat in a slow cooker? ›

Raw meat

A crockpot's gentle heat means meat will never get a chance to brown, but it's the golden colour from frying that gives it depth of flavour. If you don't want your stew to taste bland, brown the meat first, then put it in the slow cooker.

What are the disadvantages of a slow cooker? ›

What are the disadvantages of a slow cooker? Slow cookers only apply heat to the bottom of the crock, which cuts down on their ability to reduce liquids and brown foods, and develop flavor the same way a Dutch oven or pressure cooker can.

Is it safe to put a towel under a crockpot? ›

Set on a Flat Surface

The best place to use a crockpot is on the kitchen counter. However, any heat-safe, flat surface will also suffice. Avoid setting your slow cooker on an uneven surface, and never place it near loose fabrics, including curtains, kitchen towels, or napkins.

Can I leave food in my slow cooker overnight? ›

Today's programmable slow cookers often come with the ability to cook food for up to 24 hours, as well as automatic warming settings that can stay on for just as long.

What's the longest you can leave a slow cooker on? ›

As long as there is something inside cooking, preferably with liquid, and the top is on, your slow cooker could run for 24 hours or longer. Some liquid will slowly boil out, so the less liquid, the less time to leave it unattended.

Can you put raw hamburger in a slow cooker? ›

Absolutely, which is why you should always adjust times and amounts as needed. Smaller amounts of slow cooker hamburger only need a few hours before they are done.

Is 4 hours on high the same as 8 hours on low? ›

Low: 7-8 hours to reach the simmer point. High: 3-4 hours to reach the simmer point.

Is it okay to put raw chicken in a slow cooker? ›

Yes, you can put raw chicken in a slow cooker! Slow cookers and Crock-Pots are designed to cook raw meats. The direct heat from the pot, lengthy cooking time and steam created from the tightly covered container destroys bacteria, making slow cooking safe. You can put frozen chicken in a slow cooker, too!

Is it safe to eat slow cooked meat? ›

Large cuts of meat and poultry may be cooked safely in a slow cooker. However, since slow cookers are available in several sizes, check the instruction booklet for suggested sizes of meat and poultry to cook in your slow cooker.

Do slow cookers take nutrients out of food? ›

While slow cooking does expose food to heat for an extended period, it also retains many vital nutrients.

Is it safe to reheat food in a slow cooker? ›

Information. Reheating leftovers in a slow cooker is not recommended. Cooked food should be reheated on the stove, in a microwave, or in a conventional oven until it reaches 165 °F. Then the hot food can be placed in a preheated slow cooker to keep it hot for serving—at least 140 °F as measured with a food thermometer.

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