Can You Eat Raw Kale, and Should You? (2024)

Often labeled as a superfood, kale is one of the healthiest and most nutrient-dense foods you can eat.

This leafy green comes in a variety of colors, shapes, and textures. It’s often eaten raw in salads and smoothies but can also be enjoyed steamed, sautéed, boiled, or baked.

Along with broccoli and Brussels sprouts, kale is a cruciferous vegetable that offers an array of potential health benefits.

However, raw kale also contains a compound called goitrin, which can affect thyroid function.

This article examines whether raw kale is safe to eat.

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Kale is a nutrient-dense food, as it’s low in calories and high in many important vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.

For example, 1 cup (21 grams) of raw kale contains only 7 calories but is an excellent source of vitamins A, C, and K. It’s also a good source of manganese, calcium, copper, potassium, magnesium, and several B vitamins (1).

This vegetable is likewise packed with antioxidants. These molecules help counteract oxidative damage caused by compounds called free radicals and may reduce your risk of conditions like heart disease, Alzheimer’s, and certain forms of cancer (2, 3).

Due to kale’s nutrient composition, eating it may offer several health benefits, including promoting eye and heart health and protecting against certain forms of cancer (4, 5, 6).

Cooking affects the nutritional value

Raw kale has a bitterness that can be reduced by cooking it.

Still, studies have shown that cooking it may reduce its content of nutrients, including antioxidants, vitamin C, and several minerals (2, 7).

One study evaluated the effects of five cooking methods on the antioxidant and nutrient composition of kale (7).

Compared with raw kale, all cooking methods resulted in a significant reduction in total antioxidants and minerals, including calcium, potassium, iron, zinc, and magnesium (7).

While raw kale may boast the highest nutrient content, the study found that steaming retained the most antioxidants and minerals, compared with other cooking methods (7).

As a result, for those who prefer cooked kale, steaming it for a short duration may be the best way to preserve its nutrient levels.

Summary

Kale is a nutrient-dense food that’s high in several vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. While cooking kale makes it less bitter, it also significantly reduces its antioxidant, vitamin C, and mineral content.

Raw kale may be more nutritious, but it may also harm your thyroid function.

Kale, along with other cruciferous vegetables, contains a high amount of goitrogens, which are compounds that can interfere with thyroid function (8).

Specifically, raw kale contains a type of goitrogen called goitrins.

There are some concerns about eating raw kale, as goitrins can decrease the uptake of iodine, which is essential for the production of thyroid hormones (8).

This is worrisome, as thyroid hormones help regulate your metabolism. As a result, thyroid dysfunction can lead to reduced energy levels, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, and irregularities in heart rate (9).

One review of goitrin concentrations in cruciferous vegetables found that only an excessive intake of 2.2 pounds (1 kg) of kale per day for several months significantly impaired thyroid function in otherwise healthy adults (8).

However, research has shown that a moderate intake of goitrin-rich vegetables, including kale, is likely safe for most individuals.

Additionally, animal and human studies indicate that eating broccoli and Brussels sprouts doesn’t significantly affect thyroid hormone levels or functioning, suggesting that moderate amounts may even be safe for those with thyroid issues (10, 11).

Furthermore, regular intake of cruciferous vegetables has only been associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer in women with very low iodine intake (12, 13).

Still, given that cooking vegetables deactivates the enzyme responsible for releasing goitrin, those with thyroid problems may benefit from cooking kale before eating it, as well as ensuring adequate intake of iodine from foods like seafood and dairy (14, 15).

Summary

Raw kale contains goitrins, which can lower iodine levels and impair thyroid function. Yet, research shows that a moderate intake of kale is unlikely to have any serious effects on thyroid health.

Kale is one of the healthiest foods on the planet due to its high concentration of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.

Despite being high in goitrins, research shows that a moderate intake of raw kale is unlikely to affect your thyroid health. Plus, raw kale may be more nutritious than cooked varieties.

To reduce your risk of potential side effects from goitrins while reaping all the nutritional benefits that kale has to offer, consider incorporating both raw and cooked kale into your diet.

Can You Eat Raw Kale, and Should You? (2024)

FAQs

Can You Eat Raw Kale, and Should You? ›

With this in mind, nutrition experts say that most people should focus on adding more vegetables, like kale, to their diet instead of worrying if raw or cooked kale is better. “Though most cooking methods result in loss of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, kale is still worth eating in whichever form you prefer.

Is it safe to eat kale raw? ›

Generally, a moderate amount of raw kale is safe to eat. But, eating a ton of raw kale day after day may be harmful to thyroid function.

What's the best way to eat kale? ›

  1. 01 of 10. Add It to Homemade Hummus. Jennifer Causey. ...
  2. 02 of 10. Stir It Into Soups. ...
  3. 03 of 10. Sneak It Into Pesto. ...
  4. 04 of 10. Blend It Into a Smoothie. ...
  5. 05 of 10. Bake Some Crispy Kale Chips. ...
  6. 06 of 10. Fold It Into Eggs, Quiches, and Frittatas. ...
  7. 07 of 10. Sprinkle It on Pizza. ...
  8. 08 of 10. Wilt It Down for a Steak-House-Worthy Side.
Jul 20, 2023

Is there a nutritional difference between raw and cooked kale? ›

For many of these items we can see that the weights are close, with some slightly higher or lower, but the larger difference show up with the vitamins & minerals. The big difference is with vitamin C, where the raw kale has about 5 times as much vitamin C as the cooked.

How long does it take to digest raw kale? ›

How long does it take to digest raw kale? It depends on how easily your body's digestive system is able to break down kale and its high amount of dietary fiber. For some people, kale can stick around and cause discomfort during digestion for hours. For others, there are no issues at all.

Can you eat raw kale in smoothies? ›

It's also a good source of vitamin C and iron. One cup of raw kale contains even more vitamin C than an orange! You can eat kale raw in a smoothie (no need to cook it first). The raw kale flavor is strong on its own, but the other ingredients mellow it.

When should you not eat kale? ›

People who may need to avoid or limit kale intake are those who form oxalate-containing kidney stones or take the blood thinners Coumadin or warfarin. Be sure to check with your health care professional or dietitian if you have questions.

What does kale do to your gut? ›

Kale contains a type of sugar called sulfoquinovose, which feeds the good bacteria living in your gut. These good bacteria are important for your digestion and help keep down levels of harmful bacteria. This is important because high levels of bad bacteria can lead to diarrhea and malnutrition.

What is healthier kale or spinach? ›

"However, if you are looking for a food that is particularly high in fiber, vitamins K and C, kale is a better choice," she said. "If you are looking for a food that is particularly high in folate and a source of iron, and vitamins A and E, then spinach is a better choice."

What part of kale is not edible? ›

First things first: Kale and collard stems are tough, chewy, and fibrous. While we enjoy the occasional raw collard or kale salad, you should never eat the stems raw.

Can I eat kale every day? ›

Is it OK to eat kale every day? As kale contains a variety of nutrients, a person can consume it regularly as part of a balanced diet. However, some people may need to limit how much kale they consume. These include people taking beta blockers and blood thinners, as well as people with kidney disease.

How to make kale more digestible? ›

Massage your kale — or otherwise change its texture

“This enhances nutrient absorption and helps break down the dense fibers.” So you will likely experience less bloating or stomach distention after massaging it.

Should you steam or boil kale? ›

Kale is great as a side dish or in a smoothie, and you can't go wrong with steaming it. Steamed kale retains important nutrients, such as calcium, that are important for you to have. Luckily, steaming kale can be as easy as chopping it and putting it in a steamer or microwave.

Is kale better than salad? ›

When it comes to leafy greens, darker is better. They have the most nutrients. Case in point: Kale and spinach have over 10 times more immune-boosting vitamins A and C than iceberg lettuce.

What is the most nutritious way to eat kale? ›

While raw kale may boast the highest nutrient content, the study found that steaming retained the most antioxidants and minerals, compared with other cooking methods ( 7 ).

Why does my stomach hurt after eating kale? ›

Kale is loaded with soluble fiber that can cause nausea and insoluble fiber that can cause diarrhea. It also belongs to a complex sugar family — called the raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs) — that can cause bloating.

Can you eat kale raw in a salad? ›

If you slice it into fine ribbons or tear it into small bits, it makes a great salad. When it comes a salad of raw kale, there are two camps of people: those who roll their eyes and wonder how we aren't past this yet, and those whose love and adoration for this hearty green salad base haven't skipped a beat.

Is raw kale a superfood? ›

Nonetheless, while being extremely nutrient dense, kale has a relatively low calorie content (36–98 kcal/100 g) [28]. This has made kale one of the superfoods that should be promoted as a healthy alternative to already popular calorie-dense food products.

What goes well with kale? ›

It's delicious with spaghetti squash and sweet potato noodles too! In a grain bowl. Add it to this buddha bowl or this veggie bowl, or make your own bowl with the sautéed kale, a grain like quinoa, farro, or brown rice, and a protein like baked tofu, tempeh, lentils, or roasted chickpeas.

Is kale good for high blood pressure? ›

Some foods can help lower blood pressure naturally, and kale is one of them. Because it contains high levels of magnesium, calcium, and potassium, along with other vitamins and fiber all working together, kale can help lower blood pressure.

Can raw kale upset your stomach? ›

Kale is loaded with soluble fiber that can cause nausea and insoluble fiber that can cause diarrhea. It also belongs to a complex sugar family — called the raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs) — that can cause bloating.

Is kale a laxative? ›

The findings suggest that kale intake could be beneficial for alleviating mild constipation by increasing stool bulk with dietary fiber and leading to an increase in stool frequency. Correlation analysis showed that several gut microbes and fecal metabolites correlate with the subjects' responses to kale intake.

Do you have to wash kale before eating? ›

Kale is a healthy leafy green vegetable that can be used in salads and other recipes. If you want to use kale, it's important that you wash it first. To wash kale, you will need to remove the stems and submerge it in water. Then, rinse kale under tap water to remove any lingering dirt and debris.

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